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Paul the Convert, by Alan F. Segal
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An account of Paul's work in which the author argues that Paul's life can be better understood by taking his Jewishness seriously and that Jewish history can be illuminated greatly be examining Paul's writings.
- Sales Rank: #657755 in Books
- Published on: 1990-05-09
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Hardcover
- 400 pages
From Library Journal
Segal's Saul of Tarsus is a man consumed with uniting Jews and gentiles in a community focused on the resurrected Messiah. Although his efforts largely failed, Paul left behind several thriving gentile congregations and a wealth of primary source material for the study of first-century Judaism. Segal combines New Testament scholarship, modern psychological studies of conversion, and a thorough knowledge of the rabbinic literature to provide the reader with some remarkable insights into Paul's life and writings. Segal's dispassionate treatment of Paul is much preferred to the polemical speculation of Hyam Maccoby's The Mythmaker ( LJ 6/15/86). Highly recommended for academic and seminary libraries.
- Mark Stover, Calvin Coll. & Seminary Lib., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.
About the Author
Alan F. Segal was Professor Emeritus of Religion and Ingeborg Rennert Professor Emeritus of Judaic Studies at Barnard College, Columbia University.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Alan Segal's Paul The Convert
By Barry C. Gaynor
Alan F. Segal's Paul the Convert is absolutely brilliant. It is an invaluable book for any serious student of the Apostle Paul and the Pauline epistles, and it will be of considerable interest to those interested in rabbinical Judaism. The information provided about Judaism and its influence upon Paul's writings is most informative and provides tremendous insight into Paul's theology and writings. The scope and depth of the material presented in this book is amazing, and Alan Segal presents this material in a manner, which is clear, logical, and convincing. I only regret that I did not have this book when it was first released, in 1990.
-Barry C. Gaynor, M.Div., M.S.W.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Ultramar2010
Great book!
23 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
Understanding Paul the Apostle
By S. E. Moore
Alan Segal gives us a whole new perspective of the Apostle Paul from a Jewish scholar who is well versed in first century Judaism. By placing Paul in his own time and culture rather than trying to identify him with the church which canonized him as a saint hundreds of years after his death, we get a much better understanding of a man who, although a prolific writer, remains an enigma.
Segal tries to understand Paul as a fellow Jew and neither lionizes him as the hero of Christendom nor disparages him as a self seeking adventurer who turned Christianity into a Hellenistic mystery religion. Segal describes Paul as a Pharisaic Jew who converted to an apocalyptic form of Judaism (primitive Christianity) based upon his revelation of the risen Christ and his years spent in Syria living with a community of gentile believers who enabled him to interpret the meaning of his revelation.
Segal claims that it is a mistake to identify Rabbinic Judaism with the first century Pharisees and to use the Mishnah and the Talmud to understand the Jewish opposition to Jesus. In Segal's own words, "it is a pity that few Jewish writers have attempted to understand Paul" and "Paul is, ironically, one of the most fruitful and reliable sources for first century Jewish religious life."
Paul's revelation can be understood in the same light as what was known later as Jewish Merkabah mysticism which, in the first century, was linked with apocalyptic beliefs (ie Qumran). Paul's risen Christ can be identified with the human figure on a throne acting as a heavenly mediator who carries the name of the Lord and reflects the glory of God which was inspired by the books of Ezekiel, Daniel, and Enoch. This figure was known by various titles such as Son of Man, Melchizedek, and Metatron.
Like Enoch, Paul claims to have gazed upon the glory of God and was thus transformed into a spiritualy resurrected being. It was the gentile community in Syria which helped Paul understand the meaning of his revelation. To Segal, Paul's writings are important evidence for the existence of first century Jewish mysticism.
Years later, Rabbinic Judaism repudiated the idea of two powers in Heaven (ie a divine heavenly mediator) which is why Jewish Christianity was branded as a heresy in the synagogue.
Even though the inclusion of gentiles was an anathema to other Jewish apocalyptic groups like the Qumranites, Paul's theology parallels many ideas found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The idea of justification, whereby all humans are sinful and require God's grace for salvation is practically mirrored in a passage of 1QS11. Paul's dualism of flesh versus spirit is similar to the Sons of Light versus the Sons of Darkness. Segal suggests that Paul may have been aware of Essene teachings prior to his conversion.
Paul believed that believers who were baptized into the body of Christ would be transformed into the image of Christ as he had been. As an apocalypticist, Paul believed in the imminent return of Christ which would complete the transformation.
Paul's revelation and spiritual transformation radically altered his ideas about salvation. Paul felt the Torah was from God and was useful as a moral guide for all believers but that the observance of ceremonial laws like circumcision, which distinguished Jews from gentiles, were irrelevant for salvation and should not be imposed on gentile converts. To Paul, spiritual transformation through faith in the risen Christ was the key to salvation (ie resurrection in the life to come).
As a Pharisee, Paul felt that adherence to the Torah was an all-or-nothing proposition. He especially disdained individuals who tried to impose circucision as a requirement for gentile converts when these very same individuals didn't adhere to the law as stringently as he had done as a Pharisee. Paul preferred faith and spiritual transformation over a watered-down version of Jewish observances.
Segal explains Paul's dilemmas regarding the law which are difficult to comprehend. By the law, a man condemned as a criminal and ignominiously crucified cannot be the messiah, which had been the Jews' primary rejection of Jesus from the beginning. However, Paul's own revelation of seeing the glorified risen Christ told him the opposite. Thus, the Torah as a means of salvation had been replaced by the appearance of Christ.
According to Judaism, the law is only binding during one's mortal life in the present age. In Paul's way of thinking, those who have been baptized into the body of Christ have "died in Christ" and therefore have died to the ceremonial requirement of the law. To Paul, the new age had already arrived with the resurrection of Jesus and the ceremonial laws were no longer binding. The appearance of the Son of Man, according to the Book of Daniel, was a sign that the end times had been inaugurated.
Segal does an excellent job in explaining Romans 7:9-15 which is often interpreted as Paul's personal battle with lust and passion. In this passage Paul claims that the security he feels in practicing the Torah prior to his conversion is a hindrance to his faith which would make him overlook the value of his transformation. Depending on the law for one's salvation is backsliding into a former fleshly way of life and blinds one to the necessity of spiritual transformation through faith. Paul does not want his audience to depend on the law for their salvation.
Paul tried to accommodate himself to the Jerusalem apostles. He commends the Thessalonians for immitating the churches in Judea by enduring the same kind of persecutions. He implied that he became a vegetarian so as not to offend Jews or gentiles when he ate with them. He even circumcized one of his followers, Timothy. During his final journey to Jerusalem he brings an offering from his gentile converts as a sign of goodwill.
Likewise, the Jerusalem apostles were willing to accept gentile conversions based upon adherence to the Noahide laws and the majority of Jewish Christians endorsed Paul's mission to the gentiles.
What Jewish Christians did not accept was Paul forcing the issue of unity between Jewish and gentile believers by breaking down the barriers which distinguished them. Just as gentiles had to foresake immorality and idolatry, it was implied that Jews would have to foresake those ceremonial laws which distinguished them as Jews.
Paul's efforts to unify Jews and gentiles by erasing the boundaries between them ultimately led to his demise. The imminent return of Christ, which would solve this problem, did not occur. His vision of a new chosen people, both Jew and Greek, into a single body of Christ was never realized. In that respect, Paul's life was a tragedy which ended in failure. Paul did not foresee nor did he intend for an entirely new entity, the church, to emerge completely separate from Judaism. It was never Paul's intention to be canonized as a saint in a gentile church based in Rome hundreds of years after his death.
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